It is a fact that during 200 years of this study, Korea and Japan maintained friendly relationship and had lively cultural exchanges. However, the relative positions of two countries underwent a dramatic change. Chosun dynasty, which established its own unique culture around the 15th century, received fatal damage by the Japanese invasion of 1592, which, together with the failure of digesting western modern science and technology, marked the starting point for the dynasty to fall down as the colony of Japan after 300 years. On the other hand, the war between Korea and Japan, called 'Imjinwaeran', became the stepping stone for Japan to have cultural jumps. Ending long period of ceaseless wars, Japan experienced continuous escalation of culture and appeared as 'a new civilized country' on the scene of Asia. After the war of 7 years, enormous number of Korean and cultural estates were sent to Japan and transplanted there. The sending of Korean goodwill mission of about 450 members to Japan of total 11 times, which continued for 200 years, was the prerequisite process for Japan to absorb completely the rest of Korean cultural elements. Only when Japan could possess its own superior culture which was based on Korean traditional science, technology, ideology and scholarship that then stand as 'counterparts' of western ones, Japan could digest successfully the western modern science and civilization.