Applying history of science to other fields is necessary to broaden audience of history of science and to socially justify the field for its usefulness to other fields. Effective application of history of science to other fields needs understanding of differences as well as common interests between history of science and fields where history of science is applied. This paper examines differences from history of science in aims, functions and styles of using historical materials in popular literature and science education. This understanding on differences can explain why application of history of science has been limited in spite of many hopes and expectation and where historians of science can find clues to promote application.