South Korean Government’s efforts to promote science and technology started in 1960s. The efforts were influenced by South Korean scientists’ constant requests of an advanced research institute and a central administrative agency for science and technology policy since the country’s liberation in 1945. After 1961 Coup, the new military regime’s agenda of modernizing the country has given the scientists needed backing to realize their requests. With the aid from U.S. Government, KIST(Korea Institute of Science and Technology) was founded in 1966 and would be equipped with the up-to-date facilities. 7 months later, the scientists also organized ‘Korean Federation of Science and Technology Societies’ to represent their voices. In addition, South Korean Government created MOST(Ministry of Science and Technology), an agency for science and technology policy, and enacted the law to promote the country’s science and technology in 1967. MOST formulated many important policies regarding science and technology. It organized ‘Korean Foundation of Science and Technology Support’ to look after the welfare of scientists and to promote popularization of science. One South Korean newspaper described these series of events as ‘science and technology boom’ in South Korea. Science and technology boom implied the formation of modern science and technology system, consisting of specialized administrative organization, R&D institute and other supporting system for science and technology development.