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Research Article

The Place of Technology in the Formation of Taylorism

SONG Sung Soo

Program in History and Philosophy of Science, Seoul National University

Published: January 1994 · Vol. 16 · pp. 66-101
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Abstract

Taylorism examined in this paper has been paid attention to by many researchers. However, they did not sufficiently deal with the formation of Taylorism or the technological aspect of it. To compensate for these points, this paper studies the place of technology in Taylorism by examining the formation of it. Taylorism began, in Midvale Iron & Steel Company, with time study on machinery and job for determining the task of metal cutting. In the course of execution and application of time study, Taylor introduced rate-fixing department and functional foremen, standardized belting, and designed differential piece rate. Thereafter, Taylor, working as a consulting engineer in many companies, devoted himself to development of Taylorism. Taylorism was increasingly supplemented and expanded by the development of new cost accounting, drawing up a paper on his management plan, the discovery of the value of self-hardening steel, the improvement of the technique of job study, the recognition of the necessity of planning department, the rationalization of inspecting bicycle balls. In Bethlehem Steel Company, Taylor solved the remnant problems and systematically synthesized his management system with clear intention. He standardized working tool and method by the invention of high speed steel and the development of slide rule, reorganized management structure by introducing planning department and functional foremanship, and applied his management system to pigiron handling, shoveling, and metal cutting. In this way, Taylor continually examined technological problems, and it was because only if machinery had been standardized, his management system could have been applied. Technology in Taylorism was the basis of task-determination, the condition of task-execution, and the method of speed-up. We can thus define standardization of machinery as a major element of Taylorism.
Keywords: TaylorTaylorismtasktime studydifferential piece rateplanning departmentfunctional foremanshipstandardization of machinerybeltingmetal cutting