Soon after Choseon government opened its port to foreigners, it published the Hansung Sunbo (漢城旬報; published every ten days from October 1883 to December 1884) and the Hansung Jubo (漢城周報; published every week from January 1886 to January 1888). Three thousand copies of these newspapers were printed for nationwide distribution. They were mostly written in Chinese characters and most of the readers were local government officials and scholars. These newspapers published articles on Western science and technology, many of which had previously appeared in magazines and books In China during the Ziqiang (自强, zìqiáng) Movement. A small number of articles were based on previous Korean publications and the newspaper editors authored some articles themselves. One can find in these articles the attitudes and perceptions of the enlightened officials of the Choseon government. They perceived Western science and technology as the core element for building a prosperous, stronger nation and especially focused on the practicality of Western science. Articles on science and technology in these newspapers in the 1880s had a huge influence on many people, most notably scholars in shaping their enlightenment views. The newspapers also published articles about government policies, partly as an announcement to local administrations and partly as a way of forming support groups for such policies. Furthermore, the newspapers contributed to the shift in the perception of nature from a traditional version (e.g. the heaven warns the humankind with disasters) to a modern one (e.g. changes in the heaven are natural phenomena). Above all, the historical significance of the newspapers can be found in the fact that they laid an important foundation for many policies for enlightenment during the Gwangmu Reform in the late 1890s.