We survey and compile 684 stars in Goguryeo dynasty’s mural paintings reported for 25 tombs, and improve the drawings of constellations. We attempt to identify the constellations for those in 19 tombs and find many constellations have been misidentified by previous studies. Our analysis shows that there existed a strict rule in the directional allocation of constellations in Goguryeo tombs, and this makes it easy to identify constellations even when they are painted in a simple or inaccurate way. The constellations painted on tomb walls include Big Dipper, the three leaps of Ursae Majoris, 28 lunar mansions, Bootes, Corona Borealis, Canis Major, etc. We find that quite a few constellations have star connection patterns that are completely different from Chinese or western ones. Most importantly, it is found that the constellations corresponding to the Chinese seven eastern lunar mansions were painted on the western wall and those of the seven western lunar mansions were painted on the eastern wall. This unique scheme of Goguryeo made it possible for Sagittarius to be painted on the southern wall while Big Dipper appears in the north. This indicates that the constellations and directional allocation scheme developed in Korea before the introduction of Chinese astronomy were still in use between the 4th and 6th century.