The Science Movement in the 1930s originated from the endeavors of Kim Yong-gwan and his colleagues of the Society of Invention(SI), the goal of which was technological independence of the nation. They planned some projects to cultivate the research activities of Korean inventors under the support of the nationalistic elite. However, the aim of SI was too narrow to induce the active participation of the nationalistic elite, whose major concern was the rational rearrangement of the whole fields of the nation. Most of them paid more attention to the enlightening power of science and the need of the popularization of science than to the cultivation of professional reasearches. The leaders of SI accepted their doctrine of cultural scientization actively, and in 1934, the Science Movement launched a full-scale start under the flag of the scientization of society and the popularization of science. There were other fundamental differences, however, between the positions of Kim and the nationalistic elite. For the latter, the advancement of science meant merely the introduction of the Western science. At the basis of these positions lay the logic of the neutrality and universality of Western science and the naive expectation that the mere importation of science would guarantee the national modernization. In comparison, Kim's position was to cultivate the specific kinds of science which would contribute to the industrial independence of the nation, that is, the invention of the necessities of life. Most of the participants were, however, nationalistic elite captured by the doctrine of universality of the Western science, which eventually dominated the movement.