In this paper, I analyze the traditional technology of cotton cultivation in the agricultural treatises published during the Chosŏn Dynasty, and compare it with the Chinese one. The technology of cotton cultivation was first recorded in Sasich'anyo 四時纂要 and Nongsachiksŏl 農事直説 in the sixteenth century and they were synthesized and deve-loped in Nonggachibsŏng 農家集成, published by the government in the middle of the seventeenth century. In the early Chosŏn Dynasty, this Korean technology before sowing (adapting to soil and weather, smoothing and levelling, the preparation of the seedgrain, fertilizing, sowing), was of the same level as the Chinese one, and showed originality. However the technology after germination (weeding, thinning out the rows, cutting limbs, harvesting, grain storage, the selection of the seed-grain), lagged behind. In the late Chosŏn Dynasty, the technology appeared in the agricultural treatises, such as Haengpochi 杏蒲志, Imwonkyŏngchechi 林園經濟志, and Sŏnghosasŏl 星湖僿説, etc, and was developed for the following processes : adapting to soil and weather, smoothing and levelling, fertilizing, and weeding. In other words, cotton was tried in more diverse lands, and the restriction of soil conditions could be overcome by several and scrupulous fertilizing and weeding. Especially, the effective and labor-intensive fertilizing method, Gamchongbŏb 坎種法, for example, was discussed in Sŏnghosasŏl 星湖僿説, which might be developed by specialists. Labor-intensive method also appeared in the process of smoothing and levelling.