In England during the later seventeenth century and early eighteenth century, in the making process of modern geological science, the English School of geology came into existence and they developed the theories on the history of the earth and life. Buckland, the leader in this group was committed to biblical diluvialism during the 1820s and the progressive sucesssionism based on the catastrophism in the 1830s Geology and Mineralogy, the sixth volume of Bridgewater Treatises, represents Buckland's 1830s' catastrophism. In this thesis, agreeing to the opinion that Buckland's theory in 1830s contributed to the historical geology, I analyzed Geology and Mineralogy in relation to its background: religious situation and the scientific knowledge. And then I estimated its scientific significances. Buckland had succeeded to the tradition of natural theology and developed his unique theories on the historical geology by connecting Cuvierian paleontology with the analogy of natural theology which was his metaphysical standpoint. And though his catastrophism tended to be opposed to Lyell's uniformitarianism, it was an extensive theory that accepted some disputing points of uniformitarianism. Buckland tried to interpret massive fossilic proofs in the light of natural theology — universal metaphysics of his contemporary educated class. Accordingly, geology in Geology and Mineralogy will be concluded that it was the best scientific theories at that time in the respect that it was grounded on the contemporary philosophy and embraced the latest scientific accomplishments.