One of the important things to be observed in the study of history of science is that we should be careful not to see the past from the current viewpoint. The simple fact is that the term science has connotations in the twentieth century that are quite inapplicable to Greek antiquity and the Latin West. For the proper understanding of the history of science we need to grasp an adequate historical acquaintance with the changing view of the nature of science and its relation with philosophy and technology. There is not a term that is exactly equivalent to our "science" in Greek and Latin. Therefore, when we say Greek and medieval science, the term carries a shorthand expression to refer to any ideas and theories concerning nature in the ancient and medieval writers. It was Aristotle who offered the first elaborate and inclusive classificatory system of the various sciences. Aristotle divided the sciences into three categories: theoretical, practical and productive. Theoretical science is superior to practical science which in turn is superior to productive science. Theoretical science consists of metaphysics, mathematics and physics, among which metaphysics is the highest and mathematics second. Practical science contains ethics, politics, and economics. Productive science is equivalent to technology. The fact that metaphysics was given the first importance is destined to exert a great influence on the later development of science in the late middle ages as well as in Greek science after Aristotle. His schema of the sciences was followed by later scholars with minor revisions. Throughout the period of our study, any kind of scientific activity was the integral part of a philosophical outlook. The Greeks and the medieval mind identified science with the speculative mental activity, philosophy, while differentiating science clearly against technology. Technology was underevaluated by the ancient and medieval thinkers. Science and technology lacked close interplay. The purpose and methods of science were primarily intellectual. When the Scientific Revolution occurred in the seventeenth century, modern science turned its back on philosophy.